https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2016_Atlantic_hurricane_season
Sidorenkov, N.S., 2009: The Interaction Between Earth’s Rotation and Geophysical Processes, Weinheim: Wiley.
STORM TYPES
Saffire Simpson Scale (for one minute maximum sustained winds)
Tropical Depression___________<= 62 km/hr
Tropical Storm_______________ 63 to 118 km/hr
Cat. One ___________________119 to 153 km/hr
Cat. Two ___________________154 to 177 km/hr
Cat. Three__________________178 to 208 km/hr
Cat. Four ___________________209 to 251 km/hr
Cat Five ____________________ > = 252 km/hr
This post only includes tropical depressions/storms that start in the Atlantic Ocean between the Equator and 25.0 degrees North. The reason for excluding tropical depressions and tropical storms that start further than 25.0 degrees away from the equator is that their generation may have more to do with factors related to the mid-latitudes (e.g. hanging troughs, intruding cold fronts etc.) rather than the equatorial regions.
HYPOTHESIS TO BE TESTED
Tropical depressions or storms that appear in the Atlantic Ocean between the Equator and 25.0 degrees North during the 2016 North Atlantic Hurricane season, will do so on dates that are maxima or minima in the lunar-induced changes in the relative angular velocity of the Earth's rotation. [N.B. the dates that are maxima or minima in the lunar-induced changes in the relative angular velocity occur close to the times when the Moon crosses the Earth's equator or reaches lunar standstill (i.e. the Moon is furthest north or south of the Equator).]
Summary of Results (See the graphs below for confirmation)
Month__Tropical Depression/Storm_____Days from Peak Relative
____________________________________Angular Velocity
June_________Colin________________________ - 1.5 days
_____________Danielle_____________________ -0.5 days
August_______Earl________________________ + 2.0 days
_____________Fiona________________________-4.0 days
_____________Gaston______________________+ 1.5 days
_____________Hermine_____________________+2.0 days
September____Ian__________________________+1.5 days
_____________Karl_________________________-3.0 days
_____________Lisa_________________________+2.5 days
_____________Matthew______________________-0.5 days
October______Nicole________________________ -3.0 days
November____Otto__________________________-1.0 day
________________________________(rms)_____ 1.84 days
Note: The average spacing between maxima and minima is 6.83 days. However, it can be as high as 8-9 days and as low as 4-5 days. This means that if the starting dates of the tropical depressions and storms were randomly distributed, there should be as many storms at -3.0 (+/- 0.5) days as there are +1.0 (+/- 0.5) days. Clearly, much large sample sizes are needed before any definitive conclusions can be drawn.
The table above shows that all of the tropical depressions/storms (with the possible exceptions of tropical depression Karl and tropical storm Fiona) appear to confirm our hypothesis that they first appear close to the dates on which the lunar-induced changes in the relative angular velocity of the Earth's rotation are either a maximum or minimum.
KEY FOR FIGURES
TD = Tropical Depression
TS = Tropical Storm
CATN = Category N Hurricane where N = 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.
PK = Peak Activity
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June 2016
Topical Depression 3 - Tropical Storm Colin
June 5th
12:00 UTC (21.6°N 88.0°W) – Tropical Depression Three develops from an area of low pressure approximately 130 km WNW of Cancún, Yucatán Peninsula.
00:00 UTC (29.4°N 84.3°W) – Tropical Storm Colin attains its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 85 km/h and a minimum barometric pressure of 1001 hPa roughly 110 km S of Tallahassee, Florida.
Topical Depression 4 - Tropical Storm Danielle
18:00 UTC (22.4°N 87.9°W) – Tropical Depression Three intensifies into Tropical Storm Colin about 175 km NW of Cancún, Yucatán Peninsula.
June 7th
00:00 UTC (29.4°N 84.3°W) – Tropical Storm Colin attains its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 85 km/h and a minimum barometric pressure of 1001 hPa roughly 110 km S of Tallahassee, Florida.
Topical Depression 4 - Tropical Storm Danielle
June 19th
12:00 UTC (19.9°N 94.1°W) – Tropical Depression Four develops from an area of low pressure about (235 km) ENE of Heroica Veracruz, Mexico.
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Tropical Storm Fiona - Hurricane Earl
June 20th
06:00 UTC 20.0°N 95.5°W) – Tropical Depression Four intensifies into Tropical Storm Danielle roughly 110 km NNE of Heroica Veracruz, Mexico.
12:00 UTC (20.7°N 96.1°W) Tropical Storm Danielle attains its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 75 km/h and a minimum barometric pressure of 1007 hPa approximately 155 km ESE of Tamiahua, Mexico.
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July 2016
There were no storms in July
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August 2016
Tropical Storm Fiona - Hurricane Earl
August 2nd
06:00 UTC (16.3°N 77.5°W) – Tropical Storm Earl develops from an area of low pressure about 185 km S of Jamaica.
August 3rd
18:00 UTC (16.9°N 85.4°W) – Tropical Storm Earl intensifies into a Category 1 hurricane roughly 265 km ESE of Turneffe Atoll, Belize.
August 4th
04:00 UTC (17.4°N 87.8°W) – Hurricane Earl attains its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 140 km/h and a minimum barometric pressure of 979 hPa as it crosses the coast of Belize.
Tropical Depression 6 - Tropical Storm Fiona
August 16th
August 16th
18:00 UTC (12.0°N 32.2°W) – Tropical Depression Six develops from an area of low pressure approximately (1,150 km) west-southwest of the Cabo Verde Islands.
August 17th
August 19th
00:00 UTC (16.9°N 41.5°W) – Tropical Storm Fiona attains its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 85 km/h and a minimum barometric pressure of 1004 hPa roughly 1,330 km ENE
of the Leeward Islands.
Tropical Depression 7 - Tropical Storm Gaston - Hurricane Gaston
August 22
12:00 UTC (11.5°N 26.5°W) – Tropical Depression Seven develops from an area of low pressure roughly 490 km SW of the southernmost Cabo Verde Islands.
18:00 UTC (12.0°N 28.2°W) – Tropical Depression Seven intensifies into Tropical Storm Gaston approximately 500 km SW of the southernmost Cabo Verde Islands.
August 24
August 27
August 28th
12:00 UTC (30.3°N 54.7°W) – Hurricane Gaston intensifies into a Category 2 hurricane about 980 km ESE of Bermuda.
18:00 UTC (30.5°N 55.0°W) – Hurricane Gaston intensifies into a Category 3 hurricane roughly 950 km ESE of Bermuda.
Tropical Depression 9 - Tropical Storm Hermine - Hurricane Hermine
18:00 UTC (30.5°N 55.0°W) – Hurricane Gaston intensifies into a Category 3 hurricane roughly 950 km ESE of Bermuda.
Tropical Depression 9 - Tropical Storm Hermine - Hurricane Hermine
August 28th
06:00 UTC (24.4°N 88.0°W) – Tropical Depression Nine intensifies into Tropical Storm Hermine about 385 km NNW of Cancún, Mexico.
September 1st
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September 2016
Tropical Storm Ian - Rapidly heads north and becomes a subtropical storm
September 12th
September 14th
18:00 UTC (32.1°N 53.8°W) – Tropical Storm Ian transitions into a subtropical storm about 970 km E of Bermuda.
Tropical Depression 12 - Tropical Storm Karl
September 14th
06:00 UTC (16.2°N 23.2°W) – Tropical Depression Twelve develops from an area of low pressure while centered near the eastern Cabo Verde Islands.
September 15th
06:00 UTC (17.5°N 28.7°W) – Tropical Depression Twelve intensifies into Tropical Storm Karl about 360 km W of the Cabo Verde Islands.
12:00 UTC (13.4°N 27.3°W) – Tropical Depression Thirteen develops from an area of low pressure about 360 km WSW of the southern Cabo Verde Islands.
September 20th
12:00 UTC (15.1°N 30.0°W) – Tropical Depression Thirteen intensifies into Tropical Storm Lisa about 570 km W of the southern Cabo Verde Islands.
September 22nd
12:00 UTC (19.7°N 33.8°W) – Tropical Storm Lisa attains its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 85 km/h and a minimum barometric pressure of 999 hPa about 940 km WNW of the Cabo Verde Islands.
September 28th
06:00 UTC (14.0°N 69.3°W) – Hurricane Matthew rapidly intensifies into a Category 2 hurricane about 185 km N of Curaçao.
00:00 UTC (13.4°N 71.9°W) – Hurricane Matthew rapidly intensifies into a Category 5 hurricane and simultaneously attains peak winds of 270 km/h about 215 km WNW of Aruba.
Tropical Depression 12 - Tropical Storm Karl
06:00 UTC (16.2°N 23.2°W) – Tropical Depression Twelve develops from an area of low pressure while centered near the eastern Cabo Verde Islands.
September 15th
06:00 UTC (17.5°N 28.7°W) – Tropical Depression Twelve intensifies into Tropical Storm Karl about 360 km W of the Cabo Verde Islands.
Tropical Depression 13 - Tropical Storm Lisa
September 19th
12:00 UTC (13.4°N 27.3°W) – Tropical Depression Thirteen develops from an area of low pressure about 360 km WSW of the southern Cabo Verde Islands.
September 20th
12:00 UTC (15.1°N 30.0°W) – Tropical Depression Thirteen intensifies into Tropical Storm Lisa about 570 km W of the southern Cabo Verde Islands.
12:00 UTC (19.7°N 33.8°W) – Tropical Storm Lisa attains its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 85 km/h and a minimum barometric pressure of 999 hPa about 940 km WNW of the Cabo Verde Islands.
Tropical Storm Matthew - Hurricane Matthew
12:00 UTC (13.4°N 59.8°W) – Tropical Storm Matthew develops from an area of low pressure about 25 km WNW of Barbados.
September 29th
September 29th
18:00 UTC (14.2°N 66.9°W) – Tropical Storm Matthew intensifies into a Category 1 hurricane approximately 300 km NE of Curaçao.
September 30th
September 30th
06:00 UTC (14.0°N 69.3°W) – Hurricane Matthew rapidly intensifies into a Category 2 hurricane about 185 km N of Curaçao.
12:00 UTC (13.8°N 70.4°W) – Hurricane Matthew rapidly intensifies into a Category 3 hurricane about 145 km NNW of Aruba.
18:00 UTC (13.5°N 71.2°W) – Hurricane Matthew rapidly intensifies into a Category 4 hurricane about 160 km NW of Aruba.
October 1st
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October 2016
Tropical Storm Nicole - Hurricane Nicole
06:00 UTC (23.2°N 59.8°W) – Tropical Storm Nicole develops from an area of low pressure about 855 km NE of San Juan, Puerto Rico.
October 6th
18:00 UTC 27.3°N 65.1°W – Tropical Storm Nicole intensifies into a Category 1 hurricane about 555 km S of Bermuda.
October 7th
00:00 UTC (27.5°N 65.2°W) – Hurricane Nicole intensifies into a Category 2 hurricane about 530 km S of Bermuda. [Note that this is the peak intensity of Hurricane Nicole until it re-intensifies over October 11th, 12th, and 13th, peaking at category 4].
November 20th
18:00 UTC (11.1°N 79.7°W) – Tropical Depression Sixteen develops from an area of low pressure about 195 km N of Colón, Panama.
November 21st
06:00 UTC (11.3°N 79.3°W) – Tropical Depression Sixteen intensifies into Tropical Storm Otto roughly 235 km NNE of Colón, Panama.
November 23rd
18:00 UTC (11.2°N 81.1°W) – Tropical Storm Otto intensifies into a Category 1 hurricane approximately 250 km NW of Colón, Panama.
November 24th
06:00 UTC (11.1°N 82.4°W) – Hurricane Otto intensifies into a Category 2 hurricane about 150 km E of the Costa Rica–Nicaragua border.
12:00 UTC (11.0°N 83.0°W) – Hurricane Otto intensifies into a Category 3 hurricane and simultaneously attains its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 185 km/h and a minimum barometric pressure of 975 hPa roughly 75 km E of the Costa Rica–Nicaragua border.
October 6th
18:00 UTC 27.3°N 65.1°W – Tropical Storm Nicole intensifies into a Category 1 hurricane about 555 km S of Bermuda.
October 7th
00:00 UTC (27.5°N 65.2°W) – Hurricane Nicole intensifies into a Category 2 hurricane about 530 km S of Bermuda. [Note that this is the peak intensity of Hurricane Nicole until it re-intensifies over October 11th, 12th, and 13th, peaking at category 4].
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November 2016
Tropical Depression 16 - Tropical Storm Otto - Hurricane Otto
18:00 UTC (11.1°N 79.7°W) – Tropical Depression Sixteen develops from an area of low pressure about 195 km N of Colón, Panama.
November 21st
06:00 UTC (11.3°N 79.3°W) – Tropical Depression Sixteen intensifies into Tropical Storm Otto roughly 235 km NNE of Colón, Panama.
November 23rd
18:00 UTC (11.2°N 81.1°W) – Tropical Storm Otto intensifies into a Category 1 hurricane approximately 250 km NW of Colón, Panama.
November 24th
06:00 UTC (11.1°N 82.4°W) – Hurricane Otto intensifies into a Category 2 hurricane about 150 km E of the Costa Rica–Nicaragua border.
12:00 UTC (11.0°N 83.0°W) – Hurricane Otto intensifies into a Category 3 hurricane and simultaneously attains its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 185 km/h and a minimum barometric pressure of 975 hPa roughly 75 km E of the Costa Rica–Nicaragua border.
As always, extremely interesting and very clearly explained, thanks
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